in vino veritas

If you've ever drunkenly looked at the label on a wine bottle and wondered why it doesn't list the ingredients, you'll find the sober answer in the first half of this book:

Understanding wine chemistry
Andrew Waterhouse, Gavin Sacks, David Jeffery
Wiley 2024

which systematically discusses all the molecules you may find in the bottle, from H2O and ethanol to the more complex ones. And then their reactions. The second half is about how wine is made, so essentially first part is chemistry for winemakers (and -lovers) and the second is winemaking for chemists.

All in all 560 pages, but for a more concise coverage read all about it in my latest essay review:

Wine science

Chemistry & Industry Volume 88, Issue 12, December 2024, Page 35

access via:

Wiley Online Library (paywalled PDF of the whole review section)

SCI (premium content, ie members only)

As always, I'm happy to send a PDF on request.

another twin city

It amuses me that my ancestral Y chromosomes passed through two cities that are now twinned with Oxford. My granddad studied at Bonn and met my grandmother there, and his grandfather Richard the railways clerk was born and bred in Breslau (now Wroclaw), as was his father. The minimal dates are 1830-1877, but the data peters out on the far side, so the actual stay may have been longer.

Breslau had a turbulent early history which included total destruction by the Mongols in 1241. It became part of Prussia in 1741. When various educational institutions merged to form a university in 1811, it was the first university that had faculties for both catholic and protestant theology. In 1815, Breslau became the capital of the Province Silesia.

It grew rapidly in the Industrial Revolution and in 1842 it became only the 5th major city (with more than 100,000 residents) in the Deutscher Bund, after Vienna, Berlin, Prague and Hamburg. In 1875 it was the third biggest city in the German Empire (after Berlin and Hamburg).

Couldn't quite find a postcard to match the time range when my ancestors lived in Breslau, but this one is at least from the correct century.

What happened:

1830 Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Groß was born in Breslau. There are no dates and documents before that and conflicting information on the name and profession of his father, so it's quite possible that some of his ancestry was present at Breslau well before that date, but we don't know. There is an address though: At the time of his baptism (4.4.1830), the family lived at Büttnerstrasse 23 in Breslau.

1852 Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Groß married Anna Rosina Faudner from Chursangwitz (Kr. Ohlau) in Breslau on June 1. The marriage must have been a little bit overdue, as only three months and a week later, their son Johann Friedrich Richard Groß was born in Breslau.

1866 Richard's confirmation in Breslau.

1874 Richard was spared military service due to crossed legs and height - not sure if he was too tall or too short but looking at his descendants as well as the literal meaning of our name being tall, I don't think he can have been too short.

Between 1877 - 1879 he married twice-widowed Maria Louise Mentzel, presumably between the birth of her son from her second marriage, in 1877, and the birth of their daughter. Although she wasn't born in the city, her previous marriage to shepherd Johann Gottlieb Reim was also in Breslau, and her son from that marriage was born there.

1880 By the time their first daughter arrived, the family had left the city and moved to Königswalde (Neurode). Their further moves are written out in this entry.

Independently of all of this, here's my great-aunt-in-law at Breslau in the 1930s, scroll down to see one photo of her with a recognisable cityscape and then the matching postcard.

Locations:

• Büttnerstrasse 23

Previously in the #lostcities series:

1. Elberfeld / Wuppertal 1919 - 1961
2. Strasbourg 1901 - 1908
3. Minden 1903 - 1952/ca.1970
4. Tangermünde 1888 - 1916
5. Rheydt 1923 - 1935
6. Königsberg 1935 - 1945
7. Aachen 1936 - 1940
8. Idar-Oberstein 1940 - 1962
9. Bad Nauheim 1945 - 1972/1983
10. Würzburg 1961 - 1968
11. Hamborn inlaws: 1922 - 1979/2015
12. Bonn 1929-1934
13. Lorsch 1890-1938/1973
14. Krefeld 1764 - 1924/current
15. Gütersloh 1825-1928/1950s

NB I have now added a second end date to the cities where other family members stayed on after the direct ancestors died. So far, that is the case for Minden, Bad Nauheim, Hamborn and Krefeld.

The Mastodon thread for season 2 starts here.

let's celebrate trees

My last feature of the year is a seasonal offering with the radical suggestion that we should celebrate old trees growing in their natural environment, rather than murder millions of conifers for our festivities.

Happy holidays to all whatever you're celebrating.

Reasons to worship ancient trees

Current Biology Volume 34, Issue 24, 16 December 2024, Pages R1203-R1205

Restricted access to full text and PDF download
(will become open access one year after publication)

Magic link for free access
(first seven weeks only)

See also my Mastodon thread where I highlighted all this year's CB features.

Last year's thread is here .

Many millions of Christmas trees are grown in plantations for seasonal consumption. (Photo: Jeanne Menjoulet/Flickr (CC BY 2.0).)

one plague to the next

Some thoughts on

Violeta
by Isabel Allende
Plaza & Janes 2022

In recent years I haven't quite managed to keep up with Isabel Allende's publishing speed (here's the last one I read), but picked this one because I thought I remembered her saying in an interview that it was based on the life of her mother, who was then in her 90s. Turns out that it isn't quite, but the 100-year timeframe may have been inspired by it. The fictional Violeta was born in 1920 during the flu pandemic and died in 2020 during the covid pandemic, so this is a very neatly defined life span from plague to plague. Even though it's not a real memoir, it is written like one, so I'll also tag it as such, to go in my memoir inspiration file.

Other than not being the biography of her mother, this is very satisfying for aficionados of the Allende universe, as we get elements of her family history and her early novels remixed and extrapolated into the 21st century. Criminal involvement of the CIA looms over people's lives as you would expect. Reviewers tend to emphasise that her novels are set in an un-named South American country, but here as in many of her previous books Chile is so clearly recognisable that no other interpretation is possible.

A bit more unexpected to me were the multiple links to European countries including Germany and Norway. With both Germany and Chile moving into and out of brutal dictatorships within the 20th century, it is kind of logical that there has been traffic of refugees in both directions, and some families have even moved back and forth. This connection between Germany and Latin America is also featured in a film from 2012, El amigo aleman (my German friend, by Argentinian-German director Jeanine Meerapfel), but other than that I haven't seen all that much coverage of it.

Naturally, with a focus on female character and the 100 year time span, progress in women's rights is a thread, but not waved around too much.

Overall a big and bold sweep of a female centred and unconventional family saga that may come to be seen as one of her major achievements.

I do like the cover designs they are now using for her novels. At one point, when El cuaderno de Maya came out, I hated the cover so much I couldn't bring myself to buying the book.

PS have now created a tag for libros en español - also, as promised in 2020, I will create a new book review master post at the end of the year.

a village becomes a city

I have covered Gütersloh as the home of one of my four railway families, but looking at it again for the lost cities series, I realised that beyond that railway family, some lineages are actually indigenous to the villages that now form the inner city of Gütersloh as far back as records last (ca 1620), ie long before before the village became a town in 1825.

Gütersloh grew rapidly in the 19th century, mainly thanks to its key position on the Cologne to Minden railway line now served by the RE6 (it is thus one of the six lost cities to which I can take a direct regional express train from Düsseldorf-Bilk where I'm based when I'm in Germany). The station opened in 1847. Businesses including Bertelsmann (publishing) and Miele (domestic appliances) chose the quiet but well-connected town for their operations. Nevertheless, in the absence of heavy industries, it didn't grow as big as the cities in the western parts of today's NRW. It only reached the 100,000 threshold in 2018, officially becoming a Großstadt, making it the third major city in the Ostwestfalen region (after Bielefeld and Paderborn).

Not many postcards of the town around, but you can see the village heritage on this one (and I already shared one with the railway station here).
Source.

What happened: Direct ancestors with family names like Cosfeld (Kosfeld, Coesfeld), Güthenke or Goldbecker were resident in the village of Gütersloh in the 17th century. I am particularly excited about the name Güthenke as it looks like it might be linked to the origins of the village name, so that is like an ultimate root for a name line. The earliest in that line, Hinrich Güthenke was born before 1620 at Blankenhagen 33, Gütersloh (Blankenhagen being a village that merged into the town in 1910).

Around the time when the village became a town, Christoph Heinrich Cosfeld (* ca. 1801 Gütersloh) married Clara Dorothea Güthenke (* ca. 1803 Gütersloh).

On 12.11.1851 their son Friedrich Wilhelm Cosfeld, who worked as a cooper in Gütersloh married Catherine Elisabeth Obelode from Steinhagen. Her family name is a one-off linked to farm called Ubbelohde near Bielefeld, and her ancestry is very well documented. There is a wild story suggesting she may have a French refugee in her family tree.

Their daughter Johanna Catherina Charlotte Cosfeld married the railway worker Johann Anton Lütkemeyer from Schwaney, who died in 1887 aged only 44, of tuberculosis. Charlotte married again, but she was still resident at Gütersloh at the marriage of her daughter Luise Lütkemeyer in 1902, so I'm assuming she stayed there until her death in 1928. One of Luise's sisters also stayed in Gütersloh, so we still had relatives there as late as the 1950s, but I don't know what became of them. My mother recalled a cousin of her mother called Clara Gold who ran a small shop there in the 50s, that is all I know.

So our official dates are now: 1825-1928/1950s.

Previously in the #lostcities series:

1. Elberfeld / Wuppertal 1919 - 1961
2. Strasbourg 1901 - 1908
3. Minden 1903 - 1952/ca.1970
4. Tangermünde 1888 - 1916
5. Rheydt 1923 - 1935
6. Königsberg 1935 - 1945
7. Aachen 1936 - 1940
8. Idar-Oberstein 1940 - 1962
9. Bad Nauheim 1945 - 1972/1983
10. Würzburg 1961 - 1968
11. Hamborn inlaws: 1922 - 1979/2015
12. Bonn 1929-1934
13. Lorsch 1890-1938/1973
14. Krefeld 1764 - 1924/present

NB I have now added a second end date to the cities where other family members stayed on after the direct ancestors died. So far, that is the case for Minden, Bad Nauheim and Hamborn.

The Mastodon thread for season 2 starts here.

trios reshuffled

After the reshuffled quartets list, here's a fresh version of the trios as well

Trios without a viola part:

Anonymus (Venice, around 1700): Due sonate a due flauti e basso (in F and C)

Bach: Trio sonata in C minor from the Musical Offering.

Bach: Allegretto and Andante from the 3-part inventions for soprano, alto and tenor recorder

Bach: concerto in d minor for oboe, violin and cello. adapted from the concerto for two harpsicords BWV1060

Bach: Little Bach suite No. 2 for woodwind or string or mixed trio - includes Bb clarinet option.

CPE Bach: Trio in Bb major for flute, violin, cello.

WF Bach: Two fughettas for soprano, alto and tenor recorder (all parts in treble clef)

Corelli: 2 Chamber sonatas for two violins & BC: op 2 No. 4 in E minor, op 4 No. 9 in Bb major.

Haydn: Four London trios for two flutes or violins and cello Hob IV
Very accessible to amateur players and extremely lovely, these are from Haydn's second visit to London in 1794 and may have served as a sandpit where he tried out ideas for his later symphonic works. I discovered the Edition Peters set of trios 1-3 at Oxfam exactly when I needed it for our plague-time bandstand adventures, and we played them on several occasions.

YouTube recordings (see also my new playlist):

London Trio No. 1
London Trio No. 2
London Trio No. 3
London Trio No. 4

Haydn, Trio No. 4 in F for flute or recorder, violin, cello or piano, op 11 No. 4 (Schott). First published by Hummel in 1770, this is presumably an adaptation of one of the 128 baryton trios, but it’s not No. 4.

Gottfried Keller (died 1704) Trio sonata in Bb for treble recorder/violin, oboe/violin, basso continuo

Haydn: Trio in G major for alto, tenor and bass recorder (all parts in treble clef)

Jean-Marie Leclair l'aine: Two trio sonatas for two violins and bc, op 13, no. 1 and 2

JB Loeillet, sonata No. 1 G major for two violins & piano

JB Loeillet, Trio sonata in C minor (op. II/6) Parts are marked: alto recorder/flute; oboe/violin; b.c./cello/bassoon/viola da gamba.

Mozart: serenade in C for two violins and cello "Ganz kleine Nachtmusik" KV 648. This is the piece that was rediscovered in 2024 youtube premiere here. We played it a couple of months later, very exciting to play a new Mozart piece. Presumed to be an early teenage work, it appears to prefigure the famous serenade "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik" K525 in some elements. Score and parts are available to download for free from ISMLP.

Quantz: Trio sonata in G, K46, for oboe, bassoon or cello, and bc.

JM Sperger (1750-1812), terzetto primo a flauto, violino e violoncello

Carl Stamitz, six trios for two violins and violoncello, op 16

Various composers: Chamber Music for beginners, Editio Musica Budapest. Very easy trios with melody parts available for violin or flute/oboe or Bb clarinet, bass part for cello or bassoon.

Trios with a viola part:

Jean Barriere: Trio sonata in d minor for viola, cello and bc (also has a cello version of the viola part).

Beethoven: Serenade for violin viola cello op. 8 We played parts of this in October, lovely stuff. A youtube performance is here.

Beethoven: Serenade for flute violin viola op. 25

Haydn: Four London trios for two flutes or violins and cello Hob IV
After the version described above I also found a different edition including all four trios from Southern Music that also includes parts for Bb clarinet, viola and bassoon. I think we once tried combining both sets and it didn't work. Arrangers must have changed more than just the instrumentation.

Haydn: Trio for violin, viola, cello in Eb, Hoboken V Es1

Telemann: Concerto a tre in F, for recorder, horn or viola and bc or bassoon or cello.

Various composers: Chamber Music II, Editio Musica Budapest. Very easy trios with parts for violin/flute/oboe, viola or Bb clarinet, cello or bassoon.

Two recent acquisitions in the category trios with a viola part.

Update 20.12.2024, added the Mozart trio which we played this week. Funnily enough, there wasn't a single Mozart piece in the trio collection before.

quartets reshuffled

My list of the quartets in my growing chamber music collection is becoming unwieldy, and I also need to split it into those that have a viola part and those that don't - because when we (random subsets of Cowley Orchestra) meet up in the holidays to try some chamber music, we may or may not have a viola (and the viola parts are written in a different clef that most others can't read).

So first up the list of quartets (and one quintet) that have a viola part (in some cases there are also alternative parts offered, such as 3rd violin), I'll note specifically what the alternatives are in each case:

Bach: 14 fugues from the Well-Tempered Clavier arranged for string quartet by R. Hofmann. Part 2 (No. 8-14)
Beethoven: quartet op.18, No. 1 in F (lovely performance by GoYa quartet here)
Beethoven: quartet op.18, No. 3 in D
Boccherini: 9 string quartets (various opus numbers).
Borodin: string quartet No. 2 in D
Dvorak: string quartet in a minor, op 16
Dvorak: string quartet in Eb major, op 51
Dvorak: string quartet No. 12 in F major (American quartet)
Haydn: Quintenquartett Op 76, Nr. 2, in D minor
Haydn: Quartet in d minor Op 103, his last quartet, which remained unfinished, there are only two movements, of which the first is performed here.
Haydn: 30 famous quartets, Edition Peters 289a, 289b
Mozart: string quartets I, Edition Peters 16 – contains 10 famous quartets
Mozart: string quartets II, Edition Peters 17 – contains 17 quartets including two flute quartets, the oboe quartet, and K525 Eine kleine Nachtmusik.
Mozart (arr. John Auton): Three pieces for strings (choice of violin 3 / viola)
Mozart: quartet in B flat, K485, played by Carmel Quartet here
Mozart: Adagio for cor anglais (oboe/viola), 2 violins and cello, K580a. Another unfinished work, a lovely performance is here;
Pachelbel: Canon in D, arranged for string quartet by Donald Fraser
F. X. Richter (1709-1789): String quartet in B flat Op 5 No. 2, audio here
Schubert: Excerpts from 5th symphony, strings pack
Schubert: Quartet for flute, guitar, viola and cello (YouTube). Found this in an edition published 1956 - it later turned out that Schubert had just arranged a trio by Czech guitarist Vaclav Matiegka (1773-1830) and added the cello to give it a bit more oomph. The original trio (Notturno op 21) is lovely, actually, but doesn't harm to have the cello part too.
Shostakovich: String Quartet No. 1 Op 49.
Pyarelal Sharma: Indian Summer. enchanting pieces for string quartet. Shostakovich: String Quartet No. 1 Op 49.
Francesco Veracini: Chamber sonata for violin and strings Gm. (so that's solo violin plus string quartet). We've played most of this and it is really lovely. Can't find a recording with this instrumentation online, only violin plus piano/cello accompaniment.
Various composers: The String quartet: Original string quartet movements of simple character by old masters; Walter Höckner, ed.

List of quartets and quintets that don't have a viola part. Many of these have a clarinet part in Bb, some also a horn part in F:

Anonymus: 2 Hoftänze from the Hessen Books for 5 instruments. All parts in C; 1 in bass clef others in treble.
Anonymus: My Loves an Arbutus arr. for woodwind quartet by A.L. Wyver
Malcolm Arnold: Three shanties for wind quintet
Bach: Bourree from the 3rd cello suite arranged by Gordon Lewin for Flute oboe clarinet bassoon.
Gordon Jacob: Four old tunes for flute, oboe, clarinet & bassoon.
Darius Milhaud: La cheminée du roi René, suite for woodwind quintet (incl. French horn in F ) - see a lovely performance with costumes here.
Mozart: Divertimento Nr 9 in B K240 arranged for wind quintet by Günther Weigelt
Mozart: Divertimento Nr 12 in Eb K252 arranged for wind quintet by Werner Rottler
Mozart: Divertimento Nr 13 in F K253 arranged for wind quintet by Günther Weigelt
JC Schickhardt, sonata in F major op 22 no. 1 for 2 treble recorders (flutes) oboe and basso continuo

The three Mozart quintets I recently found at an Oxfam shop - loving the covers, even though I wouldn't count Mozart as Alte Musik (early music).

PS List of trios is here.

Updated 19.12.

silk town through the centuries

I have written about the Krefeld clan on various occasions, but somehow didn't have a piece on Krefeld in the first series of #lostcities. The direct ancestors of my great-grandfather Julius Düsselmann are recorded there from 1764 to 1924. Descendants of Julius's cousins still live there to this day, so it's about time for an entry, which will lead us deeper into the past than anything in the first season.

Under William of Orange, Krefeld had a record of welcoming religious minorities that were persecuted elsewhere, including Mennonites and Quakers. One Mennonite family, the Von der Leyens, transformed the history of the town by running an extremely successful and lucrative silk weaving industry, for which they were awarded a monopoly by the king of Prussia in 1763. At that point, Krefeld had only 4756 residents. With the silk boom the town grew explosively and became relatively wealthy, even though it also had its share of social conflict including a weavers revolt in 1828. In 1888 it passed the 100,000 mark making it officially a city. Politically, the town had fallen to Prussia in 1702, became part of France from 1801 until 1814 (Arrondissement de Crévelt), and fell back to Prussia after Napoleon's defeat. On the 200th anniversary of Krefeld joining Prussia the first time, emperor Wilhelm II visited the city and promised to station a cavalry regiment there, which he delivered in person, four years later. More about this mildly amusing episode here. The K in today's spelling of the name only became official in 1925.

Rheinstrasse cuts across the rectangle defined by the four former city walls, so it's easy to find and I vaguely remember how it looks now. I'm assuming the view here is from the top of the St Dionysius church.
Source.

What happened - just to sketch the broad outlines (essentially everybody named here was born and died in Krefeld unless specified otherwise):

1764 Christophel Wilsberg from Hamm married Anna Sybille Wolff from Mülheim in Krefeld

1788 Johann Georg Wilhelm Düsselmann from Dortmund married their daughter Margarete Wilsberg in Krefeld (he had previously married Anna Christina Lohr in 1782, also in Krefeld)

1796 Jacob de la Strada from Fachbach married Margarete Giesen (born in Krefeld although her parents married in nearby St. Tönis, today Tönisvorst) in Krefeld

1804 At the birth of their son Wilhelm, Johann Georg Wilhelm Düsselmann and Margarete Wilsberg lived at Auf dem Alten Kirchhoff (see list of locations below). JGW Düsselmann did not sign the certificate as he was unable to write. The certificate is issued in French by the Mairie de Creveld, and dated according to the calendar of the French Revolution, 25. Thermidor XII = 13.8.1804.
At the birth of their daughter Elisabetha, Jacob de la Strada and Margarete Giesen lived "devant la porte de St. Antoine". 26. Frimaire XIII = 17.12.1804

1826 Protestant silk weaver Wilhelm Düsselmann married Catholic Elisabetha de la Strada in Krefeld. They had 13 children and brought up the boys as Protestants and the girls as Catholics. Their descendents are the Krefeld Clan listed here. The survival rates and long lifespans bear witness to the wealth that the booming silk business brought to the ordinary people of Krefeld. Compare and contrast with Wilhelm's grandfather Christophel Wilsberg, who had died from malnutrition in 1781, aged only 52.

1841 At the birth of their son Carl (later written as Karl) and his twin sister Maria (7th and 8th of the 13 children), Wilhelm Düsselmann and Catholic Elisabetha de la Strada lived in the Peters-Strasse, house number 1559 (I'm assuming this is the old numbering system, when one sequence of numbers covered the entire town, as opposed to one sequence for each street)

1883 Julius Düsselmann born as the fourth of six children of Karl and Elisabeth (Karl also had a son from a previous marriage) - sadly no address given on the birth certificate.

1890 The much bigger city gets a professional fire brigade. Its founding director is Karl's brother August Düsselmann, who previously led the volunteer force. As of 1882, at the birth of his adventurous son Walter, he was still a decorator (Anstreicher) in his day job, and lived at Elisabethstrasse 95.

1924 The residence of my direct ancestors in Krefeld presumably ended soon after the death of my great-great-grandmother Elisabeth Catharina Imig who died October 2nd. On her death certificate, her and her husband's address is given as Alte Linnerstrasse 2.

1927 Her husband, Karl Düsselmann survived her by two years and a half, but as he was well over 80 and then died in Neukirchen-Vluyn, where his daughter Alwine lived with her husband Willi Esser, I reckon Karl will have lived with her family for the last two years of his life. He died 11.4.1927 aged 86. The death certificate reports he was resident of Vluyn, without a street address.

Locations:

• Alte Linner Straße 2. The Alte Linner Straße begins at the Ostwall, the Eastern long side of the rectangle, but it is numbered the wrong way round, with the lowest numbers furthest away from the centre, so number 2 is a lot further out than I have ventured so far. On google streetview the house looks like a 1950s redevelopment.
• Auf dem Alten Kirchhof doesn't exist any more as a street name, but the protestant church in the old town is still the Alte Kirche, and the street describing a U-turn on the Western side of the church is called An der alten Kirche, so I guess that's where the address must have been.
• "devant la porte de St. Antoine" it took me a while to realise that this must be the gate to St. Tönis, which was the Western gate of the old town. I don't think the gate survives, but it must have been where today's St. Anton-Straße crosses what was then the Western boundary of the town, the Dionysius-Straße. Just Southeast of that place is the Dionysius church, from which the Rheinstraße projects Eastwards, as seen in the postcard above.
• Elisabethstraße 95 Not far from the Alte Linner Str., above. The house no. 95 appears to have been merged with 97, to create more garage space on the ground floor, with only one entrance for humans, and five for cars.
• Petersstraße. This street is actually a major axis inside the rectangle of the former city walls, the first parallel to the Ostwall. Will have to work out how the house number translates to modern numbering.

In August this year, I visited Krefeld for the second time, got to meet some of my relatives who live there, and had a bit of an architectural trail. See the photos of the places I saw in my flickr album. I need to revisit to look up the street addresses mentioned above.

Previously in the #lostcities series:

1. Elberfeld / Wuppertal 1919 - 1961
2. Strasbourg 1901 - 1908
3. Minden 1903 - 1952/ca.1970
4. Tangermünde 1888 - 1916
5. Rheydt 1923 - 1935
6. Königsberg 1935 - 1945
7. Aachen 1936 - 1940
8. Idar-Oberstein 1940 - 1962
9. Bad Nauheim 1945 - 1972/1983
10. Würzburg 1961 - 1968
11. Hamborn inlaws: 1922 - 1979/2015
12. Bonn 1929-1934
13. Lorsch 1890-1938/1973.

NB I have now added a second end date to the cities where other family members stayed on after the direct ancestors died. So far, that is the case for Minden, Bad Nauheim and Hamborn.

The Mastodon thread for season 2 starts here.

Update 8.12.2024 I've added the list of locations as a new feature which I am planning to introduce across the series (if and when any specific addresses are known at all). If only to make sure that the next time I visit the place I know exactly where to look for the footprints of my ancestors.

aurochs dead and alive

My latest feature in Current Biology is about a big beast of the Pleistocene that has been extinct for almost four centuries, but is also present in the genomes of current livestock: the aurochs. A large scale study of ancient genomes has revealed the population history of the Eurasian species from which today's domestic cattle descends, and based on this wealth of information, the chances are improving to recreate an aurochs-like bovine that could serve the ecosystem services of the defunct species.

Big bovines lost and reborn

Current Biology Volume 34, Issue 23, 2 December 2024, Pages R1159-R1161

Restricted access to full text and PDF download
(will become open access one year after publication)

Magic link for free access
(first seven weeks only)

See also my new Mastodon thread where I will highlight all this year's CB features.

Last year's thread is here .

Cave art at Lascaux, shown here, depicts the aurochs among other large mammals present across Europe in the Pleistocene. (Photo: JoJan/Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0).)

a catholic carolingian town

Lorsch is quite important in my family history but when I prepared the first set of lost cities entries, I struggled to find a suitable postcard, other than the ubiquitous Torhalle from around 900 (so a bit older than my records).

As my great-grandparents ran a bakery in the Bahnhofstrasse (station road), I now looked for postcards of that street specifically and found this one:

source

Not sure if the bakery is in it, and it is a bit hard to check as the building has disappeared, but I will visit and try to find out at some point.

What happened: The old baker, Adam Eberle (born 1863) married his cousin Anna Barbara Schütz in 1890 and set up the bakery at Bahnhofstraße 27 soon after. The town had around 3,800 residents then. He struggled initially and had to rely on agriculture and his relatives in the rural Odenwald region nearby for support. The four children had to help out as well, eg making deliveries. Nevertheless, the bakery ran for several decades, until around 1930. Anna Barbara died in 1934, Adam in 1938. The house remained in the possession of their three daughters until the last of them died in 1973. It was then sold to the city, which ended up demolishing it for road building. So the relevant dates for our series are 1890-1938/1973.

Lorsch, the site of a famous Carolingian abbey from 764, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was a small and very catholic town then, and the family rooted in the protestant hinterland has tended to blame all its difficulties on the hostile environment, but it is hard to check the truth behind that. Today's population is around 14,000. The town now takes pride in the byname "Karolingerstadt" - with no chance of living up to its Carolingian heyday.

Previously in the #lostcities series:

1. Elberfeld / Wuppertal 1919 - 1961
2. Strasbourg 1901 - 1908
3. Minden 1903 - 1952/ca.1970
4. Tangermünde 1888 - 1916
5. Rheydt 1923 - 1935
6. Königsberg 1935 - 1945
7. Aachen 1936 - 1940
8. Idar-Oberstein 1940 - 1962
9. Bad Nauheim 1945 - 1972/1983
10. Würzburg 1961 - 1968
11. Hamborn inlaws: 1922 - 1979/2015
12. Bonn 1929-1934

NB I have now added a second end date to the cities where other family members stayed on after the direct ancestors died. So far, that is the case for Minden, Bad Nauheim and Hamborn.

The Mastodon thread for season 2 starts here.

art to take part in

Some thoughts on
Yoko Ono: Music of the mind
Kunstsammlung NRW: K20
Düsseldorf
(until 16.3.2025)
(in collaboration with the Tate Modern)

I came to this exhibition a bit by accident and without knowing much about Yoko Ono beyond the bits that everybody knows, so it was an interesting learning experience. I found out that much of her work is based on the concept of making the audience create the art, eg by just displaying an object and an instruction what to do with it. Such as lots of white walls to draw or write on. or a blanket to create interesting shapes with. Some of the creations were naturally ephemeral, like the game of chess with two sets of white pieces, to be played until you lose track of which ones are yours (professional chess players probably wouldn't have much of a problem?), whereas the ones drawn on the walls presumably last (and evolve) as long as the exhibition.

The artist compared her work to that of a composer who only creates the score as an instruction, from which musicians then produce the work of art - with potentially different outcomes depending on how much effort and skill goes into the execution, the acoustic of the venue, the support of the audience, etc. I'm guessing that this is also the thought that inspired the title of the exhibition: the artist creates the art in the mind of the participating audience, much like the composer creates it in the mind of performing musicians.

In the last 10 years I have come to realise that (to me at least) trying to play music is much more enlightening and enjoyable than only listening to it, so this participatory approach to art made a lot of sense to me on that level. Even though in the event I didn't leave any permanent traces in the exhibition, as I was too busy watching other people responding to the instructions. In that sense it was a similar experience to the recent Tony Cragg exhibition (Please touch, Kunstpalast Düsseldorf), where the best thing was watching people interact with the sculptures, although the touching as such was fun too.

The room in the photo below, for instance, had lots of white walls to draw on and a white rowing boat in the middle, to leave messages on the theme of migration and refugees, with blue sharpies provided. Thankfully, the people willing to pay for a Yoko Ono exhibition appear to be a very sensible lot, so the quality of the contributions was a lot better than what you might find on other blank spaces. I also loved the multiple trophic layers of interactions: the artist, the participant, the participant's friend taking a photo, then me taking a photo of both:

own photo

More photos on my flickr.

not yet a capital

Back in the first plague winter of 2020-21, I entertained myself with a blog series on the "lost cities" where my recent ancestors used to live - until the 1960s when my parents and grandparents (separately) thought it was a good idea to live in the sticks and embrace a car-dependent lifestyle. The series was born out of research for my musical family history memoir when I realised that Heinrich the cellist and Frieda the pianist each lived in several cities that I quite liked, and never, ever, in the country (while old Heinrich was in the military, his regiment was moved to the small town of Dieuze as a punishment, that was as close as they got).

This focus on Heinrich and Frieda obviously biased my first set of 10 lost cities (to which I then appended one from the inlaws side), so I always thought I might one day continue with a few more. It only took me four years, but now I think I have another 9 or 10 at hand to carry on. I'll include Hamborn in the list as number 11 and continue counting so here comes Bonn as number 12.

I initially didn't include Bonn, because my grandparents only moved there to study, so it was kind of an ephemeral presence our family had there. Then again, they first met there, and they both studied in other universities before doing their final years at Bonn, so history could have turned out differently, and their separate decisions to come to Bonn were kind of crucial for my existence to happen. And come to think of it, that's pretty much the same level of importance as Strasbourg has, where Heinrich and Maria met a generation earlier. Although I don't recall anybody having a romantic attachment to Bonn, in contrast to the Strasbourg affinity that has been passed down several generations.

Bonn doesn't need much of an introduction, as it served as the federal capital of West Germany for some four decades. (It also happens to be twinned with Oxford.) Just to note that before the war it was mainly the home of a well-respected university, which had been set up in 1818 after Bonn became part of Prussia. Located on the main north-south axis along the river Rhine, it was much more convenient to reach by rail than many of the smaller historic university towns such as Göttingen or Marburg. In the 1930s, it had around 100,000 residents.

What happened was that Heinrich's son Richard, after studying two semesters in Göttingen and one in Vienna, arrived in Bonn in 1929. Ruth moved to Bonn in the summer of 1930, after studying in Freiburg, Münster, and Freiburg again. In choosing Bonn, both moved closer to their parents, based at Wuppertal and Rheydt, respectively. They took their exams in 1933 and 1934, respectively. They finished more quickly than planned as they feared the imminent removal of some of their profs who were Jewish, including the mathematician Felix Hausdorff and the chemist Heinrich Rheinboldt.

There are lots of photos of Richard and Ruth from their student days in Bonn, of which I have included a few in my "every picture" series (eg: Richard, Ruth), although they don't offer much of a sense of place. I'm not sure if their correspondence from the student days has survived - if so I haven't seen it yet - so I don't even know the addresses where they lived in Bonn. So, more or less randomly, I picked an old postcard of the market square, because it is still recognisable today:

source

And here is a view I really like of the Poststrasse:

source

After preparing this entry, I revisited Bonn and realised this view is just a few metres away from the main entrance of the main station Bonn Hbf, so this is basically what you see when you come out of the station and cross the road (or pass through the tunnel, choose exit "Poststrasse"). The cigar shop on the right was obviously destroyed and rebuilt in the same contour but without the decorative elements. It is now a Macdonalds. The building on the left appears to have survived (probably the reason why the same contour was rebuilt on the right, to keep the symmetry).

I also visited the Macke-Haus, where expressionist painter August Macke lived and worked until the first world war. Will rave about that separately.

Previously, I had visited the city a few times in the 2010s, as one of my children was studying there for a couple of years - back then the Macke Haus was closed for major refurbishment, but I did enjoy the Kunsthalle and the Arithmeum, two of the modern museums in the south of the city where the government quarters used to be.

Previously in the #lostcities series:

1. Elberfeld / Wuppertal 1919 - 1961
2. Strasbourg 1901 - 1908
3. Minden 1903 - 1952/ca.1970
4. Tangermünde 1888 - 1916
5. Rheydt 1923 - 1935
6. Königsberg 1935 - 1945
7. Aachen 1936 - 1940
8. Idar-Oberstein 1940 - 1962
9. Bad Nauheim 1945 - 1972/1983
10. Würzburg 1961 - 1968
11. Hamborn inlaws: 1922 - 1979/2015

NB I have now added a second end date to the cities where other family members stayed on after the direct ancestors died. So far, that is the case for Minden, Bad Nauheim and Hamborn.